Advanced Diesel Engine Emission Control: Current Technologies and Future Alternatives

In an era increasingly focused on decarbonization and electrification, diesel engines, known for their high emissions, are being phased out in certain sectors, such as light and heavy-duty vehicles. However, the high thermal efficiency, durability, and superior power and torque output of diesel engines remain indispensable in various applications. As governments worldwide implement stringent emission standards, it is crucial for diesel engines to control their emissions to comply and stay relevant. This paper reviews recent advancements in diesel emission control, detailing the composition of diesel emissions and their detrimental effects on the environment and human health. It explores the operating principles and effectiveness of current emission control technologies, including water injection, post-injection, multiple injection, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), lean NOx traps (LNT), and turbocharging. Additionally, the paper examines the future of diesel engine development by evaluating the principles and potential of alternative fuel technologies such as hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel engines and dimethyl ether as a fuel. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide insights into sustainable diesel engine advancements that align with global emission reduction goals.