Pattern and Risk Factor Analysis of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma- A Hospital Based Study

Background: The purpose of the study is to discuss the epidemiology and pattern of oral and maxillofacial trauma and various risk factors related to them. Material & Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Indira Gandhi Govt. Dental College, Jammu between 1st January to 31st December 2023 for a period of one year. Standardized data was gathered related the following information: Gender, age, etiology of injury, anatomic site of trauma , presence and location of associated injuries, treatment pattern and complications. Following categories of injury cause were considered- RTA, Fall from height, Personal violence, Animal attack injury. Results: During the one year period of study, 600 patients presented with oral and maxillofacial fractures. Road traffic Accident was the most common cause of injury comprises 487 (81.2%) injuries. The next common cause was assault n=61 (10.2%) followed by fall from height n=45 (7.5%). The most common site of maxillofacial fracture was mandible n= 373(62.2%). The next common site of maxillofacial trauma was Zygomatic arch n=94(15.7%). The next common site of maxillofacial fracture was Maxilla n=60(10%) followed by dentoalveolar 49(8.2%). Conclusions: Road traffic accident remain the highest cause of injury. Precaution and preventive measures need to be reinforced, considering the quality of life, disability and cost of rehabilitation.