Prevention and Management of Endometriosis in Adolescent Girls

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to symptoms such as pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. This study aims to investigate the prevention and management strategies for endometriosis in adolescent girls, focusing on both medical and surgical interventions, as well as the effectiveness of preventive measures. Material & Methods: This study is designed as a prospective cohort study at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2020 to July 2022. The study enrolled 88 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years who have been diagnosed with endometriosis through laparoscopy or imaging. Data were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22.0. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics for baseline characteristics, comparative analysis between intervention groups using t-tests and chi-square tests, and longitudinal analysis using mixed-effects models, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: In this study, progestins demonstrated a 65% response rate but were associated with weight gain. GnRH agonists showed an 80% response rate with side effects such as hot flashes, while aromatase inhibitors had a 70% response rate and were linked to joint pain. Surgical outcomes indicated that laparoscopy provided 90% pain relief with a 10% complication rate and 15% recurrence, whereas laparotomy resulted in 85% pain relief, 15% complications, and 20% recurrence. Quality of life measures showed significant improvements, with pain scores decreasing from 8.5 to 3.2, activity limitations reducing from 70% to 30%, and psychological well-being increasing from 50% to 80% after treatment. Conclusions: Effective prevention and management of endometriosis in adolescent girls involve early detection, appropriate medical treatments, and preventive measures. Key strategies include using combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and lifestyle modifications to reduce symptoms, supported by education programs to improve awareness. Progestins, GnRH agonists, and aromatase inhibitors are effective treatments, with laparoscopy being a successful surgical option.