Biotechnological Strategies for Boosting Sapogenin Yield in Safed Musli

Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed Musli), a valuable medicinal herb, is renowned for its rich content of bioactive compounds, particularly steroidal saponins, which have notable therapeutic properties.This study explores advanced techniques for optimizing the production of these compounds through In-vitro methods and elicitation strategies.In-vitro cultures were established using MS medium supplemented with growth regulators, achieving significant shoot and root induction.The production of key secondary metabolites, including stigmasterol and hecogenin, was enhanced in these cultures, with roots producing up to 46.4 mg/g DCW of stigmasterol and 685 mg/g DCW of hecogenin.Furthermore, elicitation techniques using chemical, biological, and physical agents were employed to stimulate secondary metabolite production, with notable increases in saponin yield and quality.Advanced extraction methods, particularly microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE), were optimized for saponin isolation, offering a rapid, high-yield approach suitable for industrial application.Additionally, the use of bioreactor cultures and hairy root systems provided a scalable and controlled environment for large-scale production of sapogenins.These methods not only enhance the yield of bioactive compounds but also ensure consistency and scalability, making them viable for commercial exploitation.This research underscores the potential of biotechnological approaches in maximizing the therapeutic and commercial value of Chlorophytum borivilianum, providing a foundation for future applications in phytopharmaceuticals.