Burning Mouth Syndrome Underlying Factors: A Roadmap From a Network Perspective

Gastrointestinal alterations and vitamin D deficiency show a significant influence on BMS while cortisol mediates in multiple associative pathways between musculoskeletal alterations, gastrointestinal alterations, vitamin D deficiency, non-restorative sleep, fatigue, and cognitive problems. In addition to anxiety and depression, psychoticism, interpersonal sensitivity, and hostility stand out as psychological factors that seem to be related to a lack of vitamin D. None of the factors studied seem to have a relevant predictive potential for BMS, except for nonspecific symptoms of central sensitization.