Comparative Analysis and Outlook of Centralized, String, and Micro Photovoltaic Inverters in Power Generation Systems

With the rise of renewable energy, optimizing photovoltaic (PV) inverter topologies—centralized, string, and micro inverters—is crucial for enhancing solar power efficiency and reliability in modern power systems. This paper introduces the classification of photovoltaic inverters into centralized, string, and micro inverter. It also introduces the respective topologies and working principles, analyzes the efficiency of the three topologies in the power system, the centralized inverter is affected by natural and equipment factors, the device of string inverter is easy to lose, and affects the introduction of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm of the micro-inverter, then briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of the three topologies, and then leads to an optimization analysis of the three structures, and, finally, presents the challenges and opportunities that the PV inverter may face in the future in the application of the PV Finally, it introduces the challenges and opportunities that PV inverters may face in the application of PV power generation systems in the future, and makes a future outlook.