Experimental investigation on ultra‐low power metamaterial for back‐scatter communication through ice

Abstract Wireless sensor networks and nodes are faced with severe constraints in power capacity and lifespan, especially in harsh and cold environments. Electromagnetic radiation energy harvesters serve as a promising alternative power source for sensor nodes. However, the power output from reported energy harvesters remains limited, emphasizing the critical need to reduce power consumption in sensor nodes. Here, a miniaturized, low‐voltage, low‐power active frequency selective surface solution is proposed for backscatter communication under ice. It is designed for the 2.4 GHz wireless band and can operate under extreme conditions, such as sub‐ice environments, requiring only a 3.3 V control voltage and consuming approximately 0.3 of energy. Experimental results in sub‐ice scenarios demonstrate its reliable reflection control characteristics, making it particularly suitable for backscatter communication nodes in wireless sensor networks deployed in harsh environments.