Проблема сожительства: мотивы, восприятие, динамика

In the conditions of modern society, there is a transformation of the patterns and composition of marriage. A significant part of family and marital functions is realized in cohabitation relationships. A decrease in the demographic indicators of marriage, an increase in the illegitimate birth rate, as well as a change in the socio-cultural status of unregistered marriages actualize the study of cohabitation. The study of the motivation of cohabitation is becoming important in the context of Russia's policy to preserve traditional family values. Official statistics on the proportion and dynamics of cohabiting couples vary depending on the research methodology. According to the results of the author's survey of 400 people aged 18-55 years, as well as 14 in-depth interviews in cohabiting couples, it is shown that the attitude of the population towards cohabitation is quite loyal - 38 % of respondents support cohabitation, 63 % do not consider the current situation a crisis of the traditional family and the disintegration of family values. Cohabiting couples are poorly aware of the essence of civil marriage, confusing it with unregistered relationships, while clearly defining their advantages and limitations. There are differences in attitudes towards cohabitation in terms of age and gender. The authors conclude that cohabitation is considered as a transitional to marriage, as well as an alternative «legally facilitated» version of marital and family relations. Despite all the advantages, cohabitation is not considered as a full-fledged replacement for marriage and family, the need for cohabiting people to legitimize the relationship is quite pronounced, pregnancy and / or the birth of children becomes a good reason for this.