Vietnam's export patterns in APEC: A sectoral analysis using the Gravity model

Using a gravity model applied to 21 APEC members from 2001 to 2022, this study has mapped Vietnam's export patterns by partners and sectors, marking a novel contribution compared to prior research. Alongside confirming the model's suitability, the study constructs an expanded theoretical framework incorporating modern factors such as trade costs and free trade agreements, tailored to Vietnam-APEC trade dynamics. The research results indicate that, at the sectoral level, textiles and garments, footwear, machinery, and transportation significantly contribute to Vietnam's trade. The study proposes strategic export orientations for Vietnam, offering solutions for key industries while emphasizing the importance of diversifying export markets, improving logistics infrastructure to reduce trade costs, and strengthening FTA negotiations to develop high-value industries for the country.