Unraveling Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Gammopathy, and Skin Changes Syndrome: Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies at a National Tertiary Care Center

Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Gammopathy, and Skin Changes (POEMS) syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic disorder caused by plasma cell proliferation and overproduction of cytokines, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This complex syndrome affects multiple organ systems and presents with a broad range of clinical and laboratory manifestations, which can complicate both diagnosis and management. Not all components of the acronym are observed in every patient, highlighting the clinical heterogeneity of the condition. The case discussed herein illustrates the diagnostic approach to a patient suspected of having POEMS syndrome.