Ectopic Pregnancy: Appraisal of Risk Factors and Management Strategies

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP), where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterine cavity, is a significant contributor to first-trimester maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in low-resource settings. Understanding region-specific risk factors, clinical presentations, and management outcomes is critical for developing effective healthcare strategies. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with EP at Monno Medical College and Hospital, Manikganj, Bangladesh from January, 2022 to January, 2024. Patient data, including demographic information, clinical history, risk factors, and management strategies, were collected retrospectively from medical records. Management approaches, including medical (methotrexate) and surgical interventions, were analyzed for effectiveness and patient outcomes using SPSS version 26. Ethical approval was obtained, and all patient data were anonymized. Results: Most patients (30%) were aged 26-30 years, and marital status was significantly associated with EP (p = 0.048). History of PID and previous ectopic pregnancy were reported in 35% and 20% of patients, respectively, with significant associations (p = 0.015 and p = 0.040). Methotrexate was administered in 40% of cases, showing significant success (p = 0.025). Surgical interventions, including salpingectomy and laparoscopy, were performed in 35% and 25% of cases, respectively, and significantly associated with positive outcomes. Tubal preservation was achieved in 55% of patients, while tubal loss occurred in 45%. Complications, such as the need for blood transfusions (15%) and hospital readmission (8%), underscore the critical nature of EP management. Conclusion: This study highlights significant risk factors and clinical presentations of EP in a Bangladeshi population, with effective management outcomes observed for both medical and surgical interventions. Improved diagnostic access and timely intervention are essential to reduce EP-related morbidity and enhance reproductive outcomes in low-resource settings.