Active disturbance rejection control method for UAV autonomous aerial refueling based on reflected pigeon-inspired optimization

<p indent="0mm">This study proposes an attitude controller design method for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on the reflected pigeon-inspired optimization (RPIO) algorithm, addressing the attitude control problem of the receiver aircraft during aerial refueling. First, a UAV attitude controller based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed. Then, the controller parameters are optimized using the RPIO algorithm to form the final controller. The design results obtained using the RPIO algorithm are compared with those of the traditional pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Simulation results show that the RPIO algorithm introduced in this paper outperforms the traditional algorithm, significantly improving the accuracy and stability of UAV attitude control during autonomous aerial refueling.