Nutrition through the Lens of Human Development-Capability Approach: Conceptual Framework and Its Application

This paper presents an integrated conceptual framework for analyzing nutrition from a human development-capability perspective. The framework, drawing on Amartya Sen’s entitlement theory and capability approach, integrates the elements of entitlements, endowments, conversion factors, agency, and the distinction between primary and enhanced capabilities. It provides a comprehensive lens through which nutrition can be understood and addressed, offering a more holistic view than the traditional nutrient-deficiency-focused approach. The framework's unique focus on generating individual capabilities and freedoms, rather than resource availability, promises to enhance our understanding of how resources are converted into nutritional outcomes. The study provides a comprehensive multisectoral analysis of malnutrition by examining personal, cultural, social and economic characteristics, as well as public policies within the human development-capability approach. The framework proposed in this paper plays a crucial role in understanding the intrinsic value of nutrition. It offers recommendations for addressing nutrition by enhancing entitlements, improving conversion factors, and achieving nutritional security, thereby contributing to broader human development outcomes. The study offers policy tools related to gender empowerment, nutrition education and awareness, water and sanitation among many others to ensure enhanced capabilities for achieving higher levels of nutrition security.