Advances in rapid detection methods for African swine fever virus

In 2018, China encountered its maiden case of African swine fever virus (ASFV), and subsequently, the epidemic swiftly disseminated across over 30 provinces nationwide. Due to the incomplete understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms, lack of effective treatments, vaccines, and rapid detection technology for ASFV has become a crucial tool for the aquaculture industry to identify and prevent outbreaks timely. As biotechnology and medical sciences advance, the detection methods for ASFV are also continually developing and improving. The advent of portable instruments and other mobile testing equipment has enabled ASFV detection beyond traditional laboratory settings, enhancing the efficiency and timeliness of testing. This paper reviews the epidemiology and virus structure of ASFV, discusses traditional detection methods both domestically and internationally, and presents the latest advancements in new rapid detection techniques. Furthermore, the application prospects of these rapid virus detection methods are explored to provide a reference for the early detection and diagnosis of ASFV.