SUBSTANTIATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR OBTAINING COMPOSITE MOTOR FUEL FROM VEGETABLE OIL AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION WASTES

Food waste has a negative impact on the environment if it is not handled properly. When organic waste decomposes, it releases methane, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. However, proper management and disposal of food waste can significantly reduce its negative impact. On the other hand, Ukraine has an unresolved issue of high waste intensity. Industrial and household waste is often not properly sorted and recycled, leading to its accumulation in landfills and dumps. Another painful issue is Ukraine's fuel dependence on European countries. Therefore, the production of domestic alternative motor fuels is a promising way to increase fuel independence. The latter can be produced from food waste, thus solving both the issue of waste intensity and fuel dependence. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the potential for obtaining domestic alternative fuels from food waste. The object of the study is food waste generated in the course of the restaurant business, vegetable oil production and livestock farming in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the methods and technologies for converting food waste into composite motor fuel and their potential to reduce the environmental burden and increase Ukraine's fuel independence. The working hypothesis of the study is that the establishment of an ecological system for the collection and conversion of these wastes can partially resolve the energy situation in the country. This article describes the harm that food waste can cause to the environment, analyses the global experience of recycling this waste, analyses the largest restaurant chains, analyses waste from vegetable oil production and livestock production in recent years, analyses the conversion factors of food waste into composite motor fuels, and calculates the potential for producing alternative fuels from food waste for Ukraine. The study found that the average annual potential for alternative fuel production from oil and vegetable raw material waste is in the range of 33.25-44.2 thousand tonnes/year, and the average annual potential for alternative fuel production from animal waste is in the range of 2.65-5.2 thousand tonnes/year. The volume of fuel production from restaurant waste is potentially much higher. However, access to this data is unfortunately still limited. Thus, the total annual potential for alternative fuel production from oil and vegetable waste, as well as animal products, is in the range of 35.9-49.4 thousand tonnes per year. Our hypothesis is confirmed by the results of these studies. The research is carried out within the framework of the project "Development of technological solutions for the production of composite motor fuels from secondary raw materials to improve energy security" at the expense of the state budget in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine No. 1572 of 27.12.2023 "On approval of the list of projects of basic research, applied research, scientific and technical (experimental) developments, executed by higher education institutions and scientific institutions belonging to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine".