A review of the role of TP53 in hereditary breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type affecting people worldwide. Although it is not transmittable, certain mutated genes can be inherited. Despite accounting for less than 1% of the population, hereditary breast cancer can be detrimental as it carries an inherited risk that elevates the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer and causes earlier onset of cancer. The p53 protein, produced by the TP53 gene, prevents cancer from developing by regulating the cell cycle and initiating apoptosis. Thus, when TP53 mutations occur, tumor suppression function is lost, cancer risk increases and gene activity becomes abnormal. This paper aims to review the role of TP53 mutations in hereditary breast cancer and explore the current treatments through a systematic search and analysis of peer-reviewed research articles on ScienceDirect. Results found numerous cases of TP53 mutations correlated with hereditary breast cancer, as well as many patients with LFS, which increases the risk for breast cancer. Current treatments advised include mastectomies and breast MRIs for diagnosis, while radiation therapies were generally not recommended. Early screenings and being informed about hereditary breast cancer are crucial for possible patients.