Analysis of Reference Range of Glenohumeral Rhythm During Flexion and Abduction - An Analytical Study

Background and need of research: Many research studies have established a goniometric range of motion reference values for normal joints which also includes the Shoulder complex. As the shoulder complex consists of glenohumeral (GH) and scapulothoracic (ST) joints, there exists considerable variability in glenohumeral joint range of flexion and abduction in different populations, but its values in the Indian population are not yet known. Contribution of scapulothoracic joint in shoulder extension has been evaluated for the Indian population recently which suggests that reference values for Scapulothoracic flexion and abduction should also be evaluated. Knowledge of such reference values can be important in clinical decision making for treatment applications and outcome measure evaluations. Method: 243 healthy subjects (123 girls and 120 boys) between the age group 18-23 years were enrolled for the study. Range of motion of flexion and abduction of the glenohumeral joint and shoulder complex was measured bilaterally with universal goniometer. 3 measurements were done for each movement and best of 3 was used for the further analysis. Result: Medcalc statistical software was used for analysis. Reference range for the ratio between GH and ST joint is 0.80:1 to 2:1 for left abduction, 0.80:1 to 2.6:1 for right abduction, .0.71:1 to 2.27:1 for bilateral flexion. Conclusion: There is varying reference range for flexion and abduction at GH joints in the Indian population. The therapists in India should consider current values while evaluating GH and ST flexion and abduction range of motion. Key words: Glenohumeral joint, Reference range, Shoulder complex, Scapulohumeral rhythm, Scapulothoracic joint