Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Structural, Chemical, Bioactivity and Biocompatibility Characteristics of Bioactive Glass–Polymer Composite Film

Gamma irradiation is an effective technique for biocomposite films intended for application in tissue engineering (TE) to ensure sterility and patient safety prior to clinical applications. This study proposed a biocomposite film composed of natural polymer chitosan (CS) and synthetic polymer poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) reinforced with sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (BG) for potential application in TE. The BG/PCL/CS biocomposite film was sterilized using 25 kGy gamma rays, and subsequent changes in its characteristics were analyzed through mechanical and physical assessment, bioactivity evaluation via immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and biocompatibility examination using human primary dermal fibroblasts (HPDFs). Results indicated a homogeneous distribution of BG particles within the BG/PCL/CS polymer matrix which enhanced bioactivity, and the polymer blend provide a structurally stable film. Gamma irradiation induced an increase in the film's surface roughness due to photo-oxidative degradation; however, this did not adversely affect the integrity of glass particles and polymer chains. In vitro assessments demonstrated hydroxyapatite formation on the film's surface, suggesting bioactivity. Biocompatibility testing confirmed enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. These multifunctional properties highlight the potential of the fabricated BG/PCL/CS biocomposite film for TE and regenerative medicine applications.