Factors Affecting Water User Associations’ Performance in Managing Water Resources in Ruvu Catchment, Pangani Basin, Tanzania

This study evaluates factors influencing Water User Associations (WUAs) in managing water resources within Tanzania's Ruvu Catchment, Pangani Basin, and identifies key determinants of their performance. Employing a quantitative approach and case study design, data were collected from 91 WUA leaders, members, staff, and stakeholders through purposive sampling using questionnaires. Data analysis, conducted with IBM SPSS V27, included descriptive and inferential statistics presented in tables. Results indicate that financial constraints significantly hinder WUA operations, particularly for MIWALENI Spring WUA. Limited access to training and capacity-building programs weakens effectiveness. Governance practices favor decentralized and hybrid models, encouraging participatory decision-making; however, community involvement remains moderate due to training and technical resource limitations. Infrastructure deficiencies and lack of technical expertise further impact performance. The study underscores the need for comprehensive capacity-building and institutional support to enhance WUA effectiveness. To address financial constraints, sustainable funding mechanisms, including water tariffs, donor grants, and public-private partnerships, are recommended. Additionally, regular technical and governance training programs should be implemented to bridge knowledge gaps and empower WUA members. These measures can contribute to more effective and sustainable water resource management in similar catchment areas.