Managing Global Forests in View of Multiple Goals: An Evidence-Based Perspective

Forest ecosystems are increasingly facing challenges related to overexploitation and climate and land-use change, thereby posing a threat to the myriad benefits they provide. Forest management is the only tool for ensuring that adaptation, mitigation, and biodiversity conservation in forest ecosystems are maintained and further enhanced over time. However, forest managers might not have clear guidance on how to ensure these goals are achieved through their practices, which is why a goal-driven management framework is proposed and discussed in this study. The proposed framework provides an overview of the possible effects of alternative forest management practices on climate services, biodiversity conservation, and wood extraction and production. Based on this framework, the following “should-haves” for forest management towards achieving multiple goals are outlined: consideration of the trade-offs between biodiversity and other benefits; the need to reflect on time and space variability; and incorporation of climate sensitivity. The suggested actions are as follows: improve the monitoring framework; implement more robust modeling tools; and further consider policy trajectories.