Photodynamic antibacterial evaluation of polydopamine nanoparticle optimised <i>Curcumin Longa</i> against endodontic biofilm—An in‐vitro study

This study aims to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy(aPDT) with polydopamine nanoparticle functionalised with Curcuma longa(nPD-Cur) against root canal biofilm. nPD-Cur was prepared and characterised using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), dynamic light scattering(DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and Ultraviolet visual(UV/Vis) spectrophotometry. Root sections (10 mm length) were obtained from 53 single-rooted human premolars and chemo-mechanically prepared followed by inoculation with E. faecalis. All the specimens were randomly divided into five groups(n = 10) and irrigated (Group 1-Saline; Group 2-2.5% Sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl); Group 3-Cur; Group 4-nPD; and Group 5-nPD-Cur) followed by diode irradiation and analysed for reduction in colony-forming units(CFU)/mL, bacterial viability using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy(CLSM) and SEM for biofilm disruption. Results were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test for pairwise comparison (p < 0.05). nPD-Cur revealed the characteristic absorption patterns. The antimicrobial potency was highest for NaOCl followed by nPD > Cur-nPD > Cur.