<span>Synthesis and characterization of carbon dots derived from biomass sources</span>

Carbon dots (CDs), also known as C-dots, are microscopic carbon nanoparticles with dimensions less than ten nanometers. These particles possess numerous distinctive characteristics and have witnessed a growing use across diverse domains in recent times. In this report, CD was synthesized from various sources of organic waste peels (pomelo, dragon fruit, passion fruit, pineapple, mung bean, watermelon, and carrot), focusing on the hydrothermal method. The main target is to find appropriate biomass materials for the production of cost-effective, eco-friendly, and non-hazardous CDs. The morphology, crystal structure, optical and luminescent properties were investigated and evaluated for perspective applications in biomedical issues, optoelectronics, catalysis, anticounterfeiting and sensors.