Posterior Urethral Valves: Overview of Urologic Management from the Antenatal Period to Adulthood

Abstract Purpose of Review This review provides a comprehensive overview of the urologic management for children with posterior urethral valves from the antenatal period to adulthood. Summary Posterior urethral valves pose a significant challenge in pediatric urology, with a range of impacts on urologic and renal health. While initial management requires alleviation of the obstruction, there can be profound ongoing changes that require comprehensive care from birth to adulthood, which is critical to improving patient outcomes and addressing the needs of those affected by posterior urethral valves. Management strategies focus on ensuring the safety of the bladder to protect the upper tracts. Urologists may employ a variety of strategies depending on the child’s clinical course. Despite advancements aimed at preventing renal damage and improving outcomes, posterior urethral valves continue to be a leading cause of pediatric kidney transplant.