Неординарные золотоордынские погребения с бронзовыми конусами из Калмыкии

Cone-shaped objects, rolled from sheets of iron and bronze are found in the Golden Horde burials of the late 13th – late 14th centuries. Cones are a rare but one of the most reliable indicators of Mongolian burials. In a number of cases, there are additional signs pointing to Buddhist cults in burials with cones. Often they are located in extraordinary complexes with numerous equipment or with an unusual ritual. The burials studied in this article are extraordinary with bronze cones: Adryk, mound 9, burial 1, Guva-II, mound 4, burial 2, mound 5, mound 7. They have Mongolian features such as a northern or northeastern orientation, sheep bones, and cones. There is a leg bone of a sheep placed vertically, which is a specificity of Mongolian burials. In the burial in kurgan 1 of Bolshoy Tsaryn-1, 1/1, a woman with a southern orientation was buried, who had a child’s jaw in her mouth. A silk Mamluk tirade with an embroidered text in Arabic was placed around the skull of the buried in mound 2 in Bolshoy Tsaryn-1, 2/1. The work uses ethnographic and written sources that contribute to the understanding of extraordinary burials with cones.