The Yafo (Jaffa) Harbor: The Course of the Seawalls during the Crusader and Ottoman Periods and Remains of the Wharf from the Days of the British Mandate (Hebrew; English summary)

Salvage excavations in the Yafo harbor area uncovered five strata (V–I), dating from the Byzantine period to the modern era. A short section of the Byzantine-period seawall and sections of the Crusader seawall were exposed, as well as four phases of the Ottoman-period harbor, including wharfs, a customs house and a seawall. At the end of the Ottoman and the beginning of the Mandate periods, a maritime citadel and a system of wide and narrow stairs were constructed. The finds included pottery, glass vessels, metal objects and seashells. The course of the seawalls in the Yafo harbor moved westward over the years, reducing the area of the anchorage.