Genetic Differentiation Among Wheat Genotypes Using SDS-PAGE and Molecular Markers

Wheat is the most strategic cereal crop worldwide.Studies on the genetic similarities among wheat genotypes are very helpful in the selection of high-quality parents with desirable traits.This study was performed for the discrimination among thirteen wheat genotypes using water-soluble protein, nine Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and five Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers.The maximum genetic similarity percentage was documented between Shandweel1 and Sids12 (96.8%), while the minimum genetic similarity was found between Misr 1 and Sakha 93 (67.7%) based on watersoluble protein profile.On the other hand, the highest percentage of similarty was reported between Sakha 93 and line 18 (95%), while the lowest similarity percentage was found between Gemmeiza 10 and Sids 12 (1.9%),depending on RAPD-PCR.Besides, the highest similarity percentage was recorded between Sakha 93 and Sakha 94 (98.5%), and the least relationship was found between Gemmeiza 9 and sids 12 (66%) based on ISSR-PCR results.RAPD-PCR gave the highest polymorphism (62.35%), followed by ISSR-PCR (54.05%).Finally, SDS-PAGE scored the least polymorphism (35.48%).Despite that, protein analysis provided us with insufficient results, yet it provided us with useful information on the relationships among closely related genotypes and detected the unique band of 13 kDa in the genotype Sids12.Therefore, RAPD and ISSR assays are considered powerful markers for the differentiation among studied wheat genotypes compared with SDS-PAGE.