Use of integrative and complementary practices in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge to global health. In the context of an overwhelmed healthcare system and the rising demand for alternative strategies to manage stress and anxiety, this study aims to investigate and analyze the use of Integrative and Complementary Practices (ICP) in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing their importance in promoting health and well-being. We conducted a cross-sectional study among n = 12,136 Brazilian adults predominantly female, white, under 40 years of age and with a predominantly higher education level between August 24 and December 16, 2020, to assess the use of ICP. An online questionnaire was applied, with questions validated in previous health surveys. The sampling method employed was 'virtual snowball,' post-stratification procedures were used to consider the Brazilian regions, gender, age group, and educational level. The reported prevalence of ICP use was 61.8%, with meditation (28.2%), Reiki (21.7%), herbal medicine (28.2%), and aromatherapy (16.5%) being the most utilized practices. ICPs were more frequently adopted by females, older age groups, individuals with health insurance, and those who practiced social distancing. Health promotion and well-being were the primary reasons for engaging in ICP. The high adherence to ICP during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil reflects the population's search for therapeutic alternatives focused on the well-being and mental health. The utilization of ICP indicates the need to integrate these practices into healthcare systems, considering their potential to complement conventional treatment, especially in times of crisis. Public health policies should recognize and facilitate access to such practices to reduce inequities and promote integrative health. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of ICP in a public health crisis, encouraging further investigation into the potential inclusion of these practices in the healthcare system.