The digestive system under microgravity environment: Changes, mechanisms and the prospects of the future

In recent years, the space industry has continued to improve and develop, and human beings have been staying in space for longer periods while facing the challenges of microgravity to human life. The normal functioning of the digestive system is an important prerequisite for astronauts in carrying out their missions. Microgravity can have a wide range of effects on the digestive system. In this article, we summarized the literature of recent years and provided an overview of the research progress around the effects of weightlessness on the digestive system and microgravity medicine at the cellular, molecular, and metabolic levels. We aim to provide some guidance for the development of aerospace medicine.