ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC INDICES OF THE STOMACH IN RATS DURING PROBIOTIC ADMINISTRATION

The study of probiotic effects on gastric conditions represents an important direction in modern gastroenterology. Probiotics have the potential to prevent and treat a variety of gastric diseases, ranging from infectious and inflammatory processes to functional disorders and even cancer. The growing understanding of the role of the gastric microbiota and the development of new probiotic preparations make this area of research particularly relevant in the context of the increasing prevalence of gastroenterologic diseases and the need for new therapies. It is shown that the balance of microbiota can be disturbed “when the intensity of negative external influences exceeds the threshold values of the adaptation system of the organism” and when there are shifts in the metabolic activity of the gastric microflora itself. One of the most frequent causes of disorders is the impact of antibacterial drugs on it. In order to create a model of dysbiosis, antibiotic-induced stress in animals, combined use of probiotic with a broad-spectrum antibiotic is used in experiments, which allows us to evaluate physiological parameters during antibiotic therapy. In connection with the above, the aim of this work was to reveal the changes in food intake and morphometric indices of the stomach in rats during administration of test probiotic in the model of dysbiosis. Changes in morphometric parameters of the pyloric and esophageal sections of the stomach in rats during probiotic administration both at isolated administration and against the background of dysbiosis model were revealed. At probiotic administration in animals on histological sections of the pyloric part of the stomach there is an increase in the covering epithelium, a decrease in the number of main cells and an increase in the lining and additional exocrinocytes, an insignificant decrease in the thickness of the mucosa and horny layer of the esophageal part of the stomach relative to the corresponding values of animals of the control group. In animals under antibiotic administration there is a pronounced decrease in the thickness of the covering and glandular epithelium of the pyloric part, the number of epitheliocytes, an increase in the number of envelope cells and a decrease in the number of main and supplementary cells of the fundal section, a sharp decrease in the mucous and horny layers of the esophageal section of the stomach relative to the data in animals of the control group, which indicates various adverse effects of antibiotics on the state of the gastrointestinal tract. In animals of the fourth group, subjected to the combined administration of probiotic and antibiotic, there was a sharp increase in the thickness of the covering epithelium by 70.53%, as well as a decrease in the thickness of glandular epithelium by 12.38% (p<0.05) compared to the data in animals of the control group, indicating the protective mechanisms of probiotic.