Investigation of pre-crash avoidance kinematics in pedestrians of different ages through volunteer experiment and scaling methodology

We developed an indoor simulated pre-crash scenario experiment and a scaling approach to reveal the correlation between pedestrian avoidance velocity and age. This method can be further applied to obtain the avoidance velocity of elderly pedestrians. Additionally, we validate the effect of these factors in assessing potential collision areas. The decrease in avoidance velocity highlights a larger potential collision area for middle-aged pedestrians when interacting with vehicles. Such facts and data shall be appropriately considered in developing intelligent protection systems for pedestrians.