Linking Satellite InSAR Ground Deformation Data Into Operational Decision-Making

Abstract Mature pipeline geohazard management programs assess information related to ground movement hazards, such as landslides or subsidence, in conjunction with the condition of the pipeline (vulnerability). This enables the development of site-specific risk rankings and intervention strategies along extensive networks of pipeline infrastructure. As technology and software tools have evolved, pipeline operators are better able to leverage spatial data from a variety of ground observations and remote-sensing data for an improved understanding of the hazard. Remote sensing data can be used to identify potential geohazard features, monitor known geohazard sites, and assess the rate of ground displacement. When combined with geotechnical subject matter expert (SME) knowledge of ground conditions, gained through desktop assessments, field inspections, and analysis of in-line inspection tool data for example, remote sensing data can inform the prioritization of next actions. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the adoption of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data to support geohazard identification and monitoring. Consequently, numerous pipeline operators are actively seeking enhanced methodologies to leverage this data for risk-informed decision-making. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of InSAR considerations and limitations and explores how the data can be integrated into geohazard management programs. We also delve into the potential to correlate InSAR observations with site-specific risk classifications to determine the timing of operational actions and possible interventions.