Design and Analysis of Circularly Polarized Miniaturized 2T2R MIMO Proximity Coupled Patch Antenna for 6G Wireless Communication

In this paper, a circularly polarized miniaturized 2x2 (2T2R) MIMO proximity coupled patch antenna has been designed for 6G communication applications. Here, the Multi Input Multi Output feeding technique is utilized to improve the performance. The proposed antenna uses two layered substrates, such as the patch antenna on the upper layer and the microstrip feedline on the lower layer. The resonating frequency has been chosen as 35 GHz for the 6G application. Rogers RT-Duroid 5880 material with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 has been chosen for the substrate material with minimal dielectric loss, this substrate is ideally suited for high-frequency and broadband applications. The size of the substrate of the single element proximity coupled patch antenna is 6 x 6 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a height of 0.508 mm for lower substrate and 0.371 mm and for 2x2 MIMO proximity coupled patch antenna is 12 x 12 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> along with a thickness of 0.508 mm for lower substrate and 0.371mm for upper substrate with same dimensions. The primary radiating patch takes on a rectangular shape, employing the proximity coupled technique. Simulation is conducted utilizing the ANSYS HFSS software, where various parameters including Z-parameter, VSWR, S-parameter, gain, directivity, axial ratio, efficiency, and radiation patterns are analyzed. With a gain exceeding 5 dB, the antenna proves highly beneficial for various communication applications. Also, proximity-coupled patch designs such as single element proximity coupled patch antenna are designed to validate the proposed antenna design. Later on, the design of a 2x2 MIMO antenna was converted to a circularly polarized configuration and miniaturized by introducing a slot for better results and wider applications. The antenna is designed for 6G communication applications.