Investigation of Beam Steering Using a Rotatable All-Dielectric Hemispherical Lens Assembly with an Ultra-Wideband Antenna

This study presents a 3D-printed all-dielectric lens assembly integrated with an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna, designed specifically for beam-steering applications. The proposed system achieves beam steering by combining a rotatable 3D-printed all-dielectric lens assembly with a hemispherical lens and a UWB antenna. The UWB antenna is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate, while the hemispherical lens and rotatable stage assembly are made from Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). The lens assembly includes a set of 3D-printed lenses capable of rotating to specific angles, with predefined positions at ±60° and a step size of 30°. Based on the simulated results, at the lower frequency of 3.1 GHz, the UWB antenna integrated with the 3D-printed all-dielectric hemispherical lens assembly does not achieve effective beam steering, as the main beam direction deviates from the rotatable lens angle. However, at intermediate frequencies, such as 7.0 GHz, the system demonstrates successful beam steering by adjusting the rotation angle of the hemispherical lens on the rotatable stage.