Scalability Analysis of Linear LoRa Mesh Networks

Although LoRa (Long Range) wireless communication technology is most commonly used in the form of LoRaWAN, a single-hop Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocol, recent advancements have seen the emergence of multi-hop and mesh LoRa networks. Among these, research on linear LoRa mesh networks for subterranean environments, where traditional LoRaWAN networks face challenges due to limited telecommunication infrastructure, insufficient range, and environmental constraints, is notable. In a linear LoRa mesh network, LoRa repeaters are arranged in a line to provide extended coverage in lengthy environments such as underground mines, pipelines, and tunnels. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the scalability of these networks, based on a series of simulation experiments conducted using LoRaMeshSim, the first-ever LoRa mesh network simulator, developed by us. We propose optimal selections for LoRa configurations and network properties, including the optimal repeater density, the optimal waiting period in our presented repeater algorithm featuring carrier sensing, and a strategic method of utilizing two frequency channels to enhance network performance. Employing our proposed optimizations, we demonstrate how linear LoRa mesh networks can effectively scale up to support numerous repeaters, end devices, and high-traffic loads.