Essential Elements of a Holistic Framework for the Management of Geohazards

Abstract Geohazards are a major contributor to pipeline incidents. A pipeline incident occurs when the demand on a pipeline segment exceeds its capacity. The demand is the loading imposed on the pipeline segment, while the capacity is the ability of the pipeline segment to resist the demand before an undesirable event, such as a leak or rupture, occurs. Many geohazards management programs focus on the detection, characterization, mitigation, and monitoring of geotechnical hazards, i.e., demand, with limited consideration for the capacity of the affected pipeline segments. In some cases, mitigation decisions are made largely based on the characteristics of the hazards and whether the hazards are interacting with the pipeline. This approach can lead to over- or under-reaction as the hazards alone do not fully represent the level of integrity risk due to the lack of accounting for the capacity. Geohazards could be managed more economically with a holistic approach covering the characteristics of hazards and the pipeline’s capacity. Mitigation decisions based on quantifiable safety margins, stability of the site, risk tolerance, and operational considerations can provide the most flexibility in the timing, scope, and methods of mitigation while ensuring the safety of the pipeline. A proactive integrity-focused approach can also aid pipeline operators’ decision making and response to emergency situations. This paper presents a holistic approach to geohazards management with an ultimate goal of maintaining pipeline integrity. Lessons are drawn from incidents and successes. A contrast is made between the industry’s approach to managing common threats, such as corrosion, mechanical damage, and cracking, and its approach to managing geohazards. Different approaches to geohazards management as implemented by pipeline operators are described. Key elements of a holistic approach to geohazard management are explained and recommendations for practical actions are provided.