Line-of-Sight Probability in Urban Environments Representing Deterministic Grids

This article proposes a line-of-sight (LoS) probability model based on geometric analysis of deterministic urban grids, assuming uniformly distributed antenna positions. The model can be adjusted with geometric parameters such as street width, building width, and building height, enabling its application in various environments. Antenna height is applicable from ground level to sky level, and Monte Carlo simulation results closely align with the proposed model. Comparisons between the proposed model and simulations using actual 3-D geographic information system (GIS) data of urban environments are also presented, indicating that even in realistic environments, adjusting environmental parameters related to building density and height yields similar results. It includes separate models for specific directions and a random direction, allowing for applications in both site-specific and site-general scenarios. These features facilitate simultaneous simulations for various wireless service deployment scenarios across multiple services in urban environments.