Design of ultraviolet photon detector acquisition system based on FPGA

Ultraviolet single photon detection can be used for real-time capture of faint celestial optical signals in extreme spatial environments. Vacuum-based detectors, due to their good time characteristics, high spatial resolution, and large area reception capabilities, are widely utilized in astronomical observations, space weather monitoring, and sun-blind zone early warning systems. However, challenges such as low spatial resolution exist in current ultraviolet single photon detection systems due to limitations in real-time information acquisition and signal processing. This paper proposes a high-speed digital processing circuit system based on transfer function optimization, digital filtering, and high-precision synchronization. Experimental results demonstrate that signals processed by the circuit exhibit high conversion accuracy, good linearity, and consistent output synchronization. which can increase the signal amplitude collection FWHM to 4.74 and improve imaging accuracy to 78μm on the UV photon counting detector with an effective diameter exceeding Ø40mm. It provides ideas and certain engineering application solutions for the spatial application and optimization of ultraviolet single photon detection.