Is Bruxism an Influential Factor on Mandibular Condyle Morphology?

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess condyle morphology through panoramic radiographs and investigate the impact of variables such as bruxism, age, gender, education level, chewing habits, and income level on the morphology of the condyle. Methods: Condyle morphology was assessed across four categories (bird's beak, diagonal diamond, crooked fingers, and oval) in panoramic radiographs featuring 200 patients in this study. Bruxism, age, gender, education level, chewing habits, and income level were classified based on the responses provided in the questionnaires by the individuals in the study. Results: Among the 100 bruxist patients, 3 exhibited awake, 41 displayed sleep, and 56 manifested both awake and sleep bruxism. Significant differences were observed in the morphology of the left condyle (p < .05). In the 26-40 age group, there was an increase in the appearance of bird's beak, diagonal diamond, and crooked fingers, while the oval condyle's appearance decreased (p < .05). Males showed a greater prevalence of bird beak appearance (p < .05). A rise in education level correlated with increased occurrences of bird beak, diagonal diamond, and crooked finger appearances (p < .05). In the presence of bruxism, there was a statistically higher prevalence of bird's beak and diagonal diamond-shaped condyles (p < .05). Conclusion: The outcomes of this study on condyle morphology are influenced by bruxism, age, gender, and education level. Individuals experiencing both awake and sleep bruxism exhibit a more pronounced impact on condyle morphology. To ascertain a genuine causal relationship, prospective cohort studies are imperative.