Analysis of the influence of parameterization on the laser radius cutting process in sae 1010 and SAE 1045 steel sheets

The present article presents an analysis of the influence of laser cutting machine parameterization on SAE 1010 and SAE 1045 steel sheets, based on theoretical references and conducted tests. Using an optical fiber laser cutting machine, the research investigates how the alteration in the cutting focal distance impacts the surface quality of the sheets, including hardness levels, roughness, and slag formation on the cut pieces. Hardness measurements were performed using the Brinell scale, and roughness measurements were carried out through an optical center, following specific technical standards. The results indicate that SAE 1045 steel, due to its higher carbon content, showed an increase in hardness in the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), while SAE 1010, with lower carbon content, exhibited a slight decrease in hardness in this region. Additionally, the measurements revealed that SAE 1010 has a more homogeneous roughness profile with shallower valleys compared to SAE 1045, which presented highly rough surfaces and was more prone to slag formation. The tests showed that the correct parameterization of the machine, especially in adjusting the focal distance, is essential to optimize cutting quality and prevent defects such as edge irregularities and residual material buildup, thus enabling the cutting of less ductile materials as well.