Preeclampsia: Advances in understanding, management and prevention

Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the most serious obstetric complications, associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It affects between 2% and 8% of pregnancies, representing a significant threat to women's health. Its management requires a multidisciplinary approach, given its multifactorial origin.Development: The pathophysiology of preeclampsia involves alterations in placental remodeling and endothelial dysfunction, leading to hypertension and proteinuria. These conditions reflect hemodynamic imbalance and involve vital organs. Early identification by constant monitoring of blood pressure and proteinuria is crucial to avoid serious complications. Although labor is the definitive treatment, the decision to induce labor should be made with caution, especially in severe cases. Pharmacological therapies, such as antihypertensives and magnesium sulfate, are essential for acute management, but the approach should be comprehensive, considering the individual needs of each patient. The role of nursing is fundamental not only in the clinical setting, but also in the emotional support and empowerment of women, following models of care such as those proposed by Orem and Swanson.Conclusions: Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of preeclampsia, it remains a significant global public health challenge. Prevention through evidence-based interventions and improved access to antenatal care are essential to reduce its impact. A multidisciplinary approach and commitment to research are key to improving maternal and fetal outcomes