Assessment of the compliance of phytosanitary product usage practices and their impact on the environment: Case of the Bechar region (Algeria)

This study aims to evaluate the adherence to pesticide application techniques among market gardeners in the Bechar province (Algeria) and to examine their possible impact on the environment. 131 farmers were recruited to this survey from March to June throughout a two-year period, 2021 and 2022. This survey focused on the agricultural regions of Zbara and Hassi Belhouari. The findings indicated that all farmers apply pesticides, with 90.07% lacking knowledge in their application and the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE). Moreover, awareness of safety and the enhancement of knowledge are virtually absent. Approximately 87% of farmers neglect to consider climatic conditions when applying products, hence heightening the danger of contamination. In pesticide management, the identification, labeling, and adherence to expiration dates are inadequately observed. Conversely, 93.89% of farmers contribute to significant environmental damage through the inappropriate disposal of empty containers and expired chemicals. The absence of monitoring and tracking of treatments hinders risk management and the modification of practices. The results indicate that the environmental impact of existing agricultural methods in both regions is alarming, warranting a thorough review of the usage of phytosanitary products.