Development of competencies for industry 4.0: a professional training framework

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) represents a significant transformation in the production sector, driven by technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and cyber-physical systems. To meet the demands of this new era, this article proposes a training framework that organizes essential competencies for I4.0 professionals, based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and expert validation. The analysis identified three main categories of competencies: technical, including skills in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), automation, and data analysis; interpersonal, such as leadership, effective communication, and teamwork; and cognitive, encompassing critical thinking, complex problem-solving, and innovation. Structured using the iceberg model, the framework highlights visible and observable competencies at the top, with foundational competencies essential for full performance at the base. This proposal provides a comprehensive and practical approach to training professionals, aiming to enhance adaptation to the digital and automated environments characteristic of I4.0 and strengthen organizational competitiveness in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.