Tectorigenin Reduces <i>Dabie bandavirus</i>‐Induced Cytokine Storm by Regulating Toll‐Like Receptor 7/Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase Pathway

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a severe emerging infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV). Tectorigenin has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effect. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of tectorigenin on DBV-induced cytokine storm. Effects of tectorigenin on cytokines in DBV-infected THP-1 cells and plasma samples of Type I interferon receptor (IFNAR)^-/- mice infected with DBV were detected. The changes in body weight and survival time of mice were recorded. The liver, spleen, kidney, and lymph node tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining. We demonstrated that tectorigenin reduced the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in both DBV-infected THP-1 cells and plasma samples of IFNAR^-/- mice infected with DBV. Tectorigenin attenuated DBV-induced histopathological changes in mice. Mechanistically, tectorigenin attenuated DBV-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa-B kinase alpha/beta (IKKα/β) of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and might function by downregulation of Toll-like receptor. The result of this study suggested that tectorigenin exerted anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro and could serve as a novel potential therapeutic strategy for SFTS.