Effect of chitosan nanoparticles from red snapper scales (Lutjanus sp.) on pulp repair: In vivo study

Context: Iatrogenic actions leading to exposed pulp can result in pulp inflammation, with Reversible Pulpitis being a common condition among the general population. Pulp capping treatments are essential for supporting pulp repair and promoting the formation of reparative dentin. The choice of pulp capping material plays a crucial role in the success of this treatment. Aims: To assess the impact of chitosan nanoparticles (CN) derived from red snapper scales (Lutjanus sp.) on pulp repair, as indicated by the expression of TGF-β1 and the formation of reparative dentin. Methods: The research began with the preparation of CN extracted from red snapper fish scales using the ionic gelation method. Subsequently, an experimental animal model of reversible pulpitis was established. The study was conducted in vivo using 18 Sprague Dawley rats. Three groups were included: reversible pulpitis, reversible pulpitis with Ca(OH)2 application, and reversible pulpitis with CN application. Observations were made regarding the expression of TGF-β using ELISA and the formation of reparative dentin through histopathological examination. Results: The results indicated a significant difference between groups, with a one-way ANOVA Test yielding a p-value of 0.049 for TGF-β1 expression and a Kruskal-Wallis test yielding a p-value of 0.009 for dentin reparative formation. Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles derived from red snapper scales have demonstrated the ability to enhance pulp repair by elevating TGF-β expression and promoting the formation of reparative dentin.