Analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility using PRISMA 2020 literature review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic condition that significantly affects the fertility of women of reproductive age. The aim of the study was to analyze polycystic ovary syndrome and its impact on infertility through a PRISMA 2020 literature review. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed using MeSH terms related to PCOS and infertility, covering publications from 2018 to 2024. Original articles, systematic reviews, and relevant meta-analyses were included, while duplicate studies or those with insufficient methodological quality were excluded. The results showed that hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation are key mechanisms affecting ovulation and endometrial quality, contributing to infertility. Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, are identified as the first line of treatment, while emerging therapies like resveratrol, probiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine offer promising options. Additionally, relevant relationships between PCOS and comorbidities such as thyroid diseases and osteoporosis are observed, expanding its systemic impact. Despite advances in therapies and pathophysiological understanding, challenges persist due to the lack of classification between genotypes and clinical phenotypes. It is concluded that the management of PCOS should be comprehensive and personalized, integrating innovative and multidisciplinary strategies to improve patients' quality of life and reproductive outcomes. This study provides a solid foundation to guide future research and optimize clinical practice