Knowledge and perception of farmers in La Concepción regarding environmental and biological risks of fungicide use

This study investigated the knowledge and perception of farmers in the La Concepción parish regarding environmental and biological risks associated with the use of fungicides. The main objective was to understand how these farmers understand and manage these risks in their agricultural practices. To do so, a combined methodology was employed that included structured surveys and focus groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques, as well as thematic content analysis. The results revealed moderate awareness of environmental risks, with soil contamination standing out as the most significant risk perceived by farmers. However, a discrepancy was observed between this awareness and the effective implementation of mitigation measures, with limited adoption of sustainable practices. In contrast, knowledge about biological health risks, especially respiratory problems, was higher. This difference underlines the need for improved information and training on the long-term effects of fungicides. The main conclusions of the study indicate that it is essential to strengthen farmers’ education and training to improve the adoption of safer and more sustainable practices. It is recommended to develop specific educational resources and support the transition towards more sustainable agricultural practices