ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE AND USE OF ALLIUM GENUS REPRESENTATIVES

The aim of the study is to select 84 most resistant onion taxa from 101 introduced plants based on many years of practical experience with onion species and generalization of literature data. These taxa can be recommended for wider use in the Bashkir Cis-Urals Region as a garden crop, as well as for use in phytodesign as ornamental plants. Of the 84 onion taxa, 39 are bulbous and 45 are rhizome-bulbous plants. According to the seasonal development rhythm (duration of vegetation), the studied onions belong to 3 phenorhythmotypes: 1 – spring-summer-autumn green (39), their vegetation lasts from April to October, until the onset of severe frosts; 2 – spring-summer green (25), their vegetation ends in summer; 3 – spring green (20) – short-vegetating ephemeroids. By peduncle height, 25 onion taxa belong to low-growing, 35 taxa – to medium-growing, 24 taxa – to tall plants. By inflorescence diameter, small-flowered onions (up to 4 cm) make up 33.3 %; medium-flowered (4–6 cm) – 41.7; large-flowered (more than 6 cm) – 25.0 %. In the onion collection, spring-flowering onions make up 6 %; early summer – 42; mid-summer – 46; late summer – 7 %. In terms of flowering duration, short-flowering (8–15 days) make up 26.2 % (22 taxa); medium-long-flowering (16–25 days) – 51.2 (43 taxa); long-flowering (26–50 days) – 22.6 % (19 taxa). Of the recommended onions, 7 taxa are purely edible, 33 are ornamental and edible (universal), 44 are ornamental plants.