PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE RUMEN IN DAIRY COWS

The aim of the study is to analyze protein metabolism in lactating cows. Protein metabolism in ruminants differs significantly from that in non-ruminants. In ruminants, plant feed is broken down in the rumen by enzymes of numerous and diverse microflora. Rumen bacteria synthesize nitrogen-containing feed substances into high-quality proteins. This is a very important biotechnological process that occurs in the rumen of ruminants. Bacterial proteins provide the body with essential amino acids to maintain vital processes, reproduction, growth, and lactation. During lactation, the cow's mammary gland synthesizes milk components and milk protein. The exchange of amino acids and proteins in the mammary gland is a complex biochemical process; the bulk of the amino acids entering the mammary gland is used to form milk proteins. The protein level in milk reaches 30 g/l. Milk proteins, especially immunoglobulins, play an important role in transmitting disease resistance to newborn calves. Immunoglobulins are not synthesized in the mammary gland, they pass into milk directly from the cow's blood, their concentration in colostrum is high. Milk also contains non-protein nitrogen-containing substances, which are present in milk in very small quantities. The level of proteins and their composition in the body of lactating cows depends on the microflora living in the rumen of animals. Ruminants need to pre-form the optimal composition of amino acids and proteins in their diet, it is necessary to take into account that microbes and ciliates can use other sources of nitrogen and synthesize bacterial proteins from them, the latter consist of essential and replaceable amino acids. Bacterial proteins from the rumen penetrate the abomasum, and then into the intestine, where they are broken down to the stage of amino acids and absorbed into the blood. It is necessary to take into account that the body needs energy to carry out these processes.