WINTER RYE RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

The aim of the study is to assess the response of winter rye (Secále cereále) and its varieties to changes in soil and climatic conditions in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Statistical data on winter rye yields in 2012–2021 in 54 municipal districts and the results of field experiments conducted in 2018–2022 in 4–5 farms and 7 variety plots were used. The response of winter rye was assessed by calculating the yield variation coefficient, parameters of environmental plasticity and stability, yield range and stress resistance. According to the study results, the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan is characterized by a variety of soil and agroclimatic resources for the formation of winter rye yields. The range of variation of the environmental conditions index in the republic is from –13.71 to +10.92. Winter rye reacts significantly to spatial variability of soil and climate conditions (84.03 % yield dispersion), which is ultimately reflected in grain yield. The degree of reaction of winter rye, as a type of cultivated plant, to changes in external conditions depends on its varietal composition. Winter rye varieties respond to changes in the conditions of plant growth and development to varying degrees. The winter rye hybrid KVS Aviator reacts most strongly to changes in soil and climatic conditions. The yield variation coefficient of this hybrid is 25.62 %, the standard deviation of yield from the theoretical is 10.73, and the ecological plasticity index is 1.12. The response of the population varieties Pamyati Kunakbaeva and Chulpan 9 to growing conditions is almost the same. The response to stressful vegetation conditions in the winter rye variety Chulpan 9 and the KVS Aviator hybrid is the same, while that of the Pamyati Kunakbaeva variety is slightly lower.