Assessing Bacteriological Profiles and Targeting Resistant Bacterial Superbugs to Develop an Antibiogram Aiding in Antibiotic Selection

Introduction The success of surgical procedures is becoming more threatened by the advent of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, sometimes known as superbugs. These resistant microorganisms frequently cause post-surgical infections, which raise morbidity, death, and medical expenses. With an emphasis on resistant strains, this seeks to create an antibiogram and a thorough microbiological profile of surgical infections in order to help choose the most effective antimicrobial therapy. The outcomes will lessen the effects of resistant microbial superbugs in surgical settings, optimize the use of antibiotics in turn, and improve infection control techniques. Objectives To identify and isolate the bacterial microbes that trigger post-surgical infections in patients. To determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of these bacterial isolates. To construct a local antibiogram for post-surgical infections, aiding in the appropriate selection of antibiotics. Method A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Government General Hospital, Nellore. Based on the sample size, 738 patients were taken. Patients were recruited based on eligibility criteria. A questionnaire was prepared, and details were collected. Gram-staining techniques were used to identify organisms. Biochemical tests were done to confirm the bacteria. Culture sensitivity tests were carried out by disk diffusion method to know the zone of inhibition. A structured antibiogram was developed. Results Of the 738 patients, 324 were found to have Surgical Site Infections (SSI). One-hundredand seventy two females were prone to SSI, which is a high number. Three-hudred and thirty eight organisms were identified among 324 SSI patients, mostly comprised of staphylococcus (28.6%) followed by <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E.coli</i>) (21.3%). The gynecology department comprises more SSI followed by surgical (31.7%). Cephalosporins are commonly used antibiotics before and after surgery. It is found to be resistant to most organisms, whereas Gentamicin is found to be sensitive. Discussion It was evident that the more contaminated the wounds being operated on, the higher the SSI. Compared to scheduled elective surgeries, the infection rate for emergency procedures was nearly twice as high. There was no bacterial growth in 404 patients out of 738. Conclusion This study emphasizes the increasing difficulty in treating surgical infections caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms and the urgent need for accurate, data-driven methods of infection management. It is advised to employ an antibiogram to reduce the spread of resistant organisms because a significant percentage of samples are resistant to the most commonly used medications. National surveillance of microbes resistant to antibiotics must be established.